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Aphros

<img src="https://cselab.github.io/aphros/images/foam.png" width=300 align="right">

Finite volume solver for incompressible multiphase flows with surface tension.

Key features:

• implementation in C++14
• scalability to thousands of compute nodes
• fluid solver based on SIMPLE or Bell-Colella-Glaz methods
• advection with PLIC volume-of-fluid
• particle method for curvature estimation accurate at low resolutions
  [demo]
  [4]
• Multi-VOF for scalable coalescence prevention
  [demo]
  [8]
  [11]

Gallery of interactive simulations

<img src="https://cselab.github.io/aphros/images/aphros_tile9.jpg" width=120>	<img src="https://cselab.github.io/aphros/images/thumb/curv.jpg" height=120>	<img src="https://cselab.github.io/aphros/images/thumb/hydro.jpg" height=120>	<img src="https://cselab.github.io/aphros/images/thumb/electrochem.jpg" height=120>	<img src="https://cselab.github.io/aphros/images/thumb/parser.jpg" height=120>
Gallery wiki	Curvature	Multi-VOF	Electrochemistry	Parser

Documentation

Online documentation and PDF generated by doc/sphinx.

Default parameters are listed in deploy/scripts/sim_base.conf.

Requirements

C++14, CMake

Optional dependencies:
MPI,
parallel HDF5,
python3,
python3-numpy

Bundled optional dependencies:
hypre,
overlap,
fpzip

Clone and build

git clone https://github.com/cselab/aphros.git

First, follow deploy/README.md to
prepare environment and install dependencies. Then build with

cd src
make

Code Ocean

The Code Ocean platform hosts the following compute capsule

• Computing foaming flows across scales: from breaking waves to microfluidics

which builds Aphros in a Linux environment, runs a set of examples, and visualizes the results.

Docker

Instead of building the code in your system, you can build a Docker
container and run a simulation example

docker build github.com/cselab/aphros --tag aphros
cd examples/202_coalescence/standalone
./conf
docker run -v `pwd`:`pwd` -w `pwd` aphros

Minimal build without CMake

Build without dependencies and tests on Unix-like systems
(APHROS_PREFIX is the installation directory, with USE_MPI=1,
USE_HDF=1, USE_OPENCL=1, USE_AVX=1 builds with MPI, parallel
HDF5 library, OpenCL, and AVX extensions):

cd src
../make/bootstrap
make -f Makefile_legacy install APHROS_PREFIX=$HOME/.local USE_MPI=0 USE_HDF=0 USE_OPENCL=0 USE_AVX=0

on Windows using Microsoft C++ toolset (NMAKE, LINK, and CL):

cd src
../make/bootstrap # Requires sh and awk.
nmake /f NMakefile

Videos

Examples of simulations visualized using
ParaView and OSPRay.
Links [conf] lead to the solver configuration.

<img src="https://cselab.github.io/aphros/videos/preview/thumb/coalescence.jpg" height=150>	<img src="https://cselab.github.io/aphros/videos/preview/thumb/taylor_green.jpg" height=150>
Coalescence of bubbles [conf] [4]	Taylor-Green vortex with bubbles [2] [5]
<img src="https://cselab.github.io/aphros/videos/preview/thumb/reactor.jpg" height=150>	<img src="https://cselab.github.io/aphros/videos/preview/thumb/reactor_full2.jpg" height=150>
Bubble jump-off [1]	Electrochemical reactor [conf] [9]
<img src="https://cselab.github.io/aphros/videos/preview/thumb/vortex_bubble.jpg" height=200>	<img src="https://cselab.github.io/aphros/videos/preview/thumb/plunging_jet.jpg" height=200>
Bubble trapped by vortex ring [5]	Plunging jet [2]
<img src="https://cselab.github.io/aphros/videos/preview/thumb/rising_bubbles.jpg" height=150>	<img src="https://cselab.github.io/aphros/videos/preview/thumb/foaming_waterfall.jpg" height=150>
Clustering of bubbles [conf] [6] [7] [11]	Foaming waterfall [conf] [8] [11]
<img src="https://cselab.github.io/aphros/videos/preview/thumb/bidisperse.jpg" height=150>	<img src="https://cselab.github.io/aphros/videos/preview/thumb/crystal.jpg" height=45>
Bidisperse foam [conf] [11]	Microfluidic crystals [conf] [11]
<img src="https://cselab.github.io/aphros/videos/preview/thumb/lammps_polymers.jpg" height=200>	<img src="https://cselab.github.io/aphros/videos/preview/thumb/korali_pipe.jpg" height=200>
LAMMPS polymers in Taylor-Green vortex [conf]	Bubble pipe optimization [10]
<img src="https://cselab.github.io/aphros/videos/preview/thumb/mesh_bubbles.jpg" height=150>
Bubbles through mesh

<img src="https://cselab.github.io/aphros/videos/preview/thumb/breaking_waves.jpg" height=300>
APS Gallery of Fluid Motion 2019 award winner<br> Breaking waves: to foam or not to foam? [6]<br> Collaboration with Jean M. Favre at CSCS.

Developers

Aphros is developed by researchers at ETH Zurich and Harvard University

• Petr Karnakov
• Sergey Litvinov

advised by

• Prof. Petros Koumoutsakos

Other contributors are: Fabian Wermelinger (Cubism backend)

Publications

1. Hashemi SMH, Karnakov P, Hadikhani P, Chinello E, Litvinov S, Moser C, Koumoutsakos P, Psaltis D.
   A versatile and membrane-less electrochemical reactor for the electrolysis of water and brine.
   Energy & environmental science. 2019
   10.1039/C9EE00219G
2. Karnakov P, Wermelinger F, Chatzimanolakis M, Litvinov S, Koumoutsakos P.
   A high performance computing framework for multiphase, turbulent flows on structured grids.
   Proceedings of the platform for advanced scientific computing conference on – PASC ’19. 2019
   10.1145/3324989.3325727
   [pdf]
3. Karnakov P, Litvinov S, Koumoutsakos P.
   Coalescence and transport of bubbles and drops.
   10th International Conference on Multiphase Flow (ICMF). 2019
   [pdf]
4. Karnakov P, Litvinov S, and Koumoutsakos P.
   A hybrid particle volume-of-fluid method for curvature estimation in multiphase flows.
   International journal of multiphase flow. 2020
   10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2020.103209
   arXiv:1906.00314
5. Wan Z, Karnakov P, Koumoutsakos P, Sapsis T.
   Bubbles in Turbulent Flows: Data-driven, kinematic models with history terms.
   International journal of multiphase flow. 2020
   10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2020.103286
   arXiv:1910.02068
6. Karnakov P, Litvinov S, Favre JM, Koumoutsakos P.
   V0018: Breaking waves: to foam or not to foam?
   Gallery of Fluid Motion Award
   video
   article
7. Annual report 2019 of the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (cover page)
   [link]
8. Karnakov P, Wermelinger F, Litvinov S, Koumoutsakos P.
   Aphros: High Performance Software for Multiphase Flows with Large Scale Bubble and Drop Clusters.
   Proceedings of the platform for advanced scientific computing conference on – PASC ’20. 2020
   10.1145/3394277.3401856
   [pdf]
9. Karnakov P. The multilayer volume-of-fluid method for multiphase
   flows across scales: breaking waves, microfluidics, and membrane-less
   electrolyzers. PhD thesis. ETH Zurich. 2021
   10.3929/ethz-b-000547518
10. Martin SM, Wälchli D, Arampatzis G, Economides AE, Karnakov P, Koumoutsakos P.
    Korali: Efficient and scalable software framework for Bayesian uncertainty quantification and stochastic optimization.
    Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 2021
    10.1016/j.cma.2021.114264
11. Karnakov P, Litvinov S, Koumoutsakos P.
    Computing foaming flows across scales: from breaking waves to microfluidics.
    Science Advances. 2022
    10.1126/sciadv.abm0590

Citing

If you use Aphros in your work, please consider using the following

@article{aphros2022,
  author = {Petr Karnakov  and Sergey Litvinov  and Petros Koumoutsakos},
  title = {Computing foaming flows across scales: From breaking waves to microfluidics},
  journal = {Science Advances},
  volume = {8},
  number = {5},
  pages = {eabm0590},
  year = {2022},
  doi = {10.1126/sciadv.abm0590},
  URL = {https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/sciadv.abm0590},
  eprint = {https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.abm0590},
}