CamoFox Browser Server

Anti-detection browser server for AI agents — TypeScript REST API wrapping the Camoufox stealth browser engine

Why CamoFox?
Features
Preview Status
Quick Start
CLI
Console Capture
Playwright Tracing
Security
Usage with AI Agents
Architecture
API Reference
Structured Extract
Search Macros
Geo Presets
Environment Variables
Deployment
Used With
Project Structure
Contributing
Credits
License

Why CamoFox?

The Problem: Standard browser automation (Puppeteer, Playwright, Selenium) is easily detected by modern anti-bot systems. JavaScript-level patches are fragile and get bypassed quickly.

The Solution: CamoFox Browser Server wraps Camoufox, a Firefox fork with C++ engine-level fingerprint spoofing. No JavaScript injection — anti-detection happens at the browser engine level.

Feature	Puppeteer/Playwright	CamoFox Browser Server
Anti-detection	JavaScript patches (fragile)	C++ engine-level (robust)
Fingerprint spoofing	Limited	Full (engine-level)
Token efficiency	Raw HTML / screenshots	Accessibility snapshots (smaller + structured)
Integration	Direct SDK	REST API for any language / AI agent
AI agent support	Varies	MCP + OpenClaw compatible

Features

C++ Anti-Detection — fingerprint spoofing at the Camoufox engine level (not JS injection)
REST API — language-agnostic HTTP endpoints for browser automation and AI agent integration
Multi-Session — concurrent isolated browser contexts per userId (defaults: max 50 sessions, max 10 tabs/session)
Persistent Browser Profiles — Each user gets a dedicated Firefox profile. Cookies, localStorage, IndexedDB, and all browser storage persist across sessions automatically.
Geo Presets — 8 built-in region presets (locale/timezone/geolocation) + custom presets file
Session-Level Proxy/Geo Overrides — per-session proxy configuration via named profiles or raw credentials, with hybrid geo modes (explicit-wins or proxy-locked)
14 Search Macros — Google, YouTube, Amazon, Reddit (search + subreddit JSON), Wikipedia, Twitter, Yelp, Spotify, Netflix, LinkedIn, Instagram, TikTok, Twitch
Element Refs — accessibility snapshots annotated with stable eN element references for precise interaction
Cookie Persistence — import Netscape/Playwright-style cookies into a session (bearer auth required only when CAMOFOX_API_KEY is set)
OpenClaw Plugin — OpenClaw-compatible endpoints (/start, /tabs/open, /act, etc.)
TypeScript — strict mode, typed request shapes, modular Express routes
YouTube Transcript Extraction — yt-dlp + browser fallback (service-level; no public API route currently exposed)
Snapshot Pagination — offset-based windowing for large page snapshots
Image Listing Route — image-only extraction over the shared resource extractor with selector, extension, lazy-load, and blob-resolution controls
Structured Extract — deterministic schema-driven JSON extraction across core API, CLI, and OpenClaw without arbitrary JavaScript
Browser Health Monitoring — health probe with recovery/degraded state tracking
🖥️ CLI Mode — 50+ commands for terminal-based browser automation
🔐 Auth Vault — AES-256-GCM encrypted credential storage (LLM-safe)
📜 Pipeline Scripting — Execute command scripts from files
🔍 Console Capture — capture and filter browser console messages and uncaught errors
📼 Playwright Tracing — record and export Playwright traces for debugging
🗂️ Trace Artifact Management — list, download, and delete managed trace ZIPs per user session

Preview Status

CamoFox Browser Server is in Preview (Phase 1). Preview releases are functional for browser automation and agent integration, but carry specific compatibility commitments and explicit non-goals.

What Preview Means

The REST API and CLI are usable for agent workflows today; CamoFox MCP is available as an external companion integration
New features may be added between minor versions
Backward-compatible aliases are maintained for renamed or moved endpoints (see Compatibility Policy)
Local state (profiles, registries, sessions) uses versioned formats with fail-closed integrity checks

What Preview Does NOT Guarantee

Frozen API surface — endpoint behavior, request shapes, or response formats may change between minor versions
Automatic local-state migration — browser profiles, download registries, and session files use versioned sidecar formats; incompatible upgrades require manual reset (see Local State Recovery)
Downgrade safety — rolling back to an older version may require clearing local state
Fixed GA timeline — promotion to GA requires meeting evidence-based exit criteria, not a calendar date

Compatibility Policy

During Preview, CamoFox follows an additive-only deprecation model:

Legacy aliases (e.g., listItemId accepted alongside sessionKey, OpenClaw /act routing to core endpoints) continue to work alongside their replacements
Deprecated fields are accepted silently; no removal until GA or a documented migration window with advance notice in CHANGELOG
No existing endpoint is removed in a minor version — removals happen only in major versions with prior CHANGELOG notice

Local State Recovery

Browser profiles, download registries, and CLI session files use versioned sidecar formats. When upgrading CamoFox:

Compatible versions: State loads normally
Incompatible or corrupt state: The server refuses to load incompatible profiles and download registries; the CLI rejects incompatible saved-session files. Both log an actionable error with the specific recovery path.
Recovery: Delete the affected profile directory, session file, or download registry as indicated in the error message. Clean state is recreated on next use.

Supported sidecars include limited forward-migration paths (e.g., fingerprint v0 → v1); when no migration path exists for a given version, the server refuses to load the file and logs an actionable recovery message. There is no silent repair or downgrade path — this fail-closed default prevents data corruption at the cost of manual intervention on unsupported version jumps.

Quick Start

From Source

bash
git clone https://github.com/redf0x1/camofox-browser.git
cd camofox-browser
npm install
npm run build
npm start

Using npm (CLI)

bash
npm install -g camofox-browser

# Start the server
camofox-browser

# Or use the CLI for browser automation
camofox open https://example.com
camofox snapshot
camofox click e5

See CLI for the complete command reference.

Using Docker

Docker image: ghcr.io/redf0x1/camofox-browser

bash
docker build -t camofox-browser .
docker run -d \
  --name camofox-browser \
  -p 9377:9377 \
  -p 6080:6080 \
  -e CAMOFOX_HOST=0.0.0.0 \
  -e CAMOFOX_AUTH_MODE=auto \
  -e CAMOFOX_API_KEY=change-me \
  -v ~/.camofox:/home/node/.camofox \
  camofox-browser

To persist browser profiles (cookies, localStorage, IndexedDB, etc.) across container restarts, keep the volume mount shown above.

Using Docker Compose

yaml
services:
  camofox-browser:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "9377:9377"
    environment:
      CAMOFOX_HOST: "0.0.0.0"
      CAMOFOX_PORT: "9377"
      # auto requires CAMOFOX_API_KEY when CAMOFOX_HOST is non-loopback
      CAMOFOX_AUTH_MODE: "auto"
      CAMOFOX_API_KEY: "change-me"
      # CAMOFOX_ADMIN_KEY: "change-me"
      # Optional: proxy routing (also enables Camoufox geoip mode)
      # PROXY_HOST: ""
      # PROXY_PORT: ""
      # PROXY_USERNAME: ""
      # PROXY_PASSWORD: ""

Verify

bash
curl http://localhost:9377/health
# {"ok":true,"engine":"camoufox","browserConnected":true}

CLI

CamoFox Browser includes a powerful CLI for browser automation directly from the terminal. The CLI auto-starts the server when needed.

Installation

bash
# Global install (recommended)
npm install -g camofox-browser

# Or use npx (no install needed)
npx camofox-browser open https://example.com

Quick Start

bash
camofox open https://example.com       # Open a page in anti-detection browser
camofox snapshot                       # Get accessibility tree with element refs
camofox click e5                       # Click element [e5]
camofox type e3 "hello world"         # Type into element [e3]
camofox screenshot --output page.png   # Save screenshot
camofox close                          # Close the tab

Core Commands

bash
# Browser lifecycle
camofox open <url>                     # Open URL in new tab
camofox close [tabId]                  # Close tab
camofox navigate <url>                 # Navigate current tab to URL

# Inspection
camofox snapshot                       # Get accessibility tree with [eN] refs
camofox screenshot [--output file]     # Take screenshot (saves to file)
camofox annotate                       # Screenshot + element ref overlay
camofox get-url                        # Get current page URL
camofox get-text                       # Get page text content
camofox get-links                      # Get all links on page
camofox get-tabs                       # List open tabs
camofox extract-structured @schema.json # Extract deterministic JSON from a schema

# Interaction
camofox click <ref>                    # Click element by ref
camofox type <ref> <text>              # Type text into element
camofox fill '[e1]="user" [e2]="pw"'  # Fill multiple fields at once
camofox scroll <direction>             # Scroll up/down/left/right
camofox select <ref> <value>           # Select dropdown option
camofox hover <ref>                    # Hover over element
camofox press <key>                    # Press keyboard key
camofox drag <from> <to>               # Drag element to target

# Navigation
camofox go-back                        # Browser back
camofox go-forward                     # Browser forward
camofox search "query" --engine google # Search (14 engines supported)
camofox eval "document.title"          # Execute JavaScript
camofox wait <selector> [--timeout ms] # Wait for element

Text input: CamoFox has no character limit for typed or filled text. Short text stays humanized for anti-detection, while long text automatically switches to bulk DOM insertion so large inputs do not truncate.

Session Management

bash
camofox session save <name>            # Save current browser state
camofox session load <name>            # Restore browser state
camofox session list                   # List saved sessions
camofox session delete <name>          # Delete saved session

bash
camofox cookie export <file>           # Export cookies to JSON file
camofox cookie import <file>           # Import cookies from JSON file

Auth Vault

Securely store credentials locally with AES-256-GCM encryption. Credentials are never output to stdout — safe for LLM agent automation.

bash
camofox auth save <profile> [--url URL]  # Save credentials (prompts for master password)
camofox auth load <profile>              # Show profile info (username only)
camofox auth list                        # List saved profiles (no secrets shown)
camofox auth delete <profile>            # Delete a profile
camofox auth change-password <profile>   # Change master password

# Inject credentials into a browser tab (LLM-safe)
camofox snapshot                         # Get element refs first
camofox auth load gmail --inject --username-ref e5 --password-ref e12

Security: Master passwords use Argon2id KDF (with PBKDF2 fallback). Vault files are stored with 0600 permissions. The --inject flag sends credentials directly to the browser — the LLM agent never sees the password.

Pipeline Scripting

Execute multiple commands from a file for automation workflows:

bash
# Create a script
cat > login-flow.txt << 'EOF'
# Login automation script
open https://example.com/login
snapshot
type e3 "username"
type e5 "password"
click e7
wait .dashboard --timeout 5000
screenshot --output result.png
close
EOF

# Run it
camofox run login-flow.txt

# Continue on errors
camofox run login-flow.txt --continue-on-error

# Read from stdin
echo "get-url" | camofox run -

Server Management

bash
camofox server start                   # Start server daemon
camofox server start --background      # Start in background
camofox server stop                    # Stop server daemon
camofox server status                  # Check server status

Diagnostics

bash
camofox health                         # System health report
camofox version                        # CLI + server version
camofox info                           # Configuration info

Console Capture

bash
camofox console [tabId]                  # View console messages
camofox console [tabId] --type error     # Filter by type (log/warning/error/info/debug)
camofox console [tabId] --clear          # View then clear messages
camofox errors [tabId]                   # View uncaught JavaScript errors
camofox errors [tabId] --clear           # View then clear errors

Playwright Tracing

bash
camofox trace start [tabId]              # Start recording trace
camofox trace stop [tabId] [-o file.zip] # Stop and save trace ZIP
camofox trace chunk-start [tabId]        # Start new trace chunk
camofox trace chunk-stop [tabId] [-o f]  # Stop chunk and save ZIP
camofox trace status [tabId]             # Check active trace status

View traces at trace.playwright.dev

Global Options

Flag	Env Var	Description	Default
`--user <id>`	`CAMOFOX_USER`	User/profile ID	`cli-default`
`--port <port>`	`PORT`	Server port	`9377`
`--format <fmt>`	—	Output: `json`, `text`, `plain`	`text`
`-V, --version`	—	Show version	—
`-h, --help`	—	Show help	—

Output Formats

bash
camofox get-url --format json          # {"url":"https://example.com"}
camofox get-url --format text          # URL: https://example.com
camofox get-url --format plain         # https://example.com

Tip: Use --format json for programmatic parsing and LLM agent integration.

Security

Anti-Detection

CamoFox uses Camoufox, a Firefox fork with C++ level fingerprint spoofing. Unlike Chromium-based tools, CamoFox passes bot detection on Google, Cloudflare, and other anti-bot services.

Auth Vault

AES-256-GCM encryption with Argon2id key derivation (PBKDF2 fallback)
Credentials never appear in stdout (safe for LLM agent pipelines)
Vault files stored with 0600 permissions
Master password required for all vault operations

LLM Agent Safety

The --inject flag sends credentials directly to the browser — the LLM agent orchestrating the CLI never sees raw passwords
Output formats are designed for safe parsing without credential exposure
Pipeline scripts can reference auth profiles without embedding secrets

Usage with AI Agents

CamoFox works seamlessly with AI coding agents and LLM-powered automation:

AI Coding Assistants (Recommended)

Add CamoFox skills to your AI coding assistant for full browser automation context:

bash
npx skills add redf0x1/camofox-browser

This works with Claude Code, Codex, Cursor, Gemini CLI, GitHub Copilot, Goose, OpenCode, Windsurf, and 40+ other agents.

Available skills:

Skill	Focus	Best For
`camofox-browser`	Full coverage (CLI + API + OpenClaw)	Complete reference
`camofox-cli`	CLI-only (50+ commands)	Terminal-first workflows
`dogfood`	QA testing workflow	Systematic web app testing
`gemini-image`	Gemini image generation	AI image automation
`reddit`	Reddit automation	Reddit posting/commenting

The installer will prompt you to choose which skills and which agents to configure.

Claude Code

bash
npx skills add redf0x1/camofox-browser
# Installs to .claude/skills/camofox-browser/SKILL.md

Cursor / GitHub Copilot / Codex

bash
npx skills add redf0x1/camofox-browser
# Installs to .agents/skills/ directory

Tip: Skills are symlinked from the repo, so they stay up to date. Do not manually copy SKILL.md files.

MCP Integration (Recommended)

Use CamoFox MCP for direct integration with Claude, Cursor, Windsurf, and other MCP-compatible agents. See Used With.

CLI Integration

AI agents can use the CLI with --format json for structured output:

bash
camofox open https://example.com       # Open page
camofox snapshot --format json         # Get structured element tree
camofox click e5                       # Interact with elements
camofox auth load gmail --inject --username-ref e5 --password-ref e12  # Safe credential injection

Pipeline Automation

Create reusable automation scripts that AI agents can execute:

bash
camofox run automation-flow.txt        # Execute multi-step workflow

Architecture

text
AI Agent (MCP / OpenClaw / REST Client)
    │
    ▼ HTTP REST API (port 9377)
┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
│          CamoFox Browser Server          │
│          (Express + TypeScript)          │
├──────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Routes                 Services          │
│  ├── Core API           ├── Browser      │
│  └── OpenClaw compat    ├── Session      │
│                         └── Tab ops      │
├──────────────────────────────────────────┤
│        Camoufox Engine (anti-detect)     │
│   Firefox fork + engine-level spoofing   │
└──────────────────────────────────────────┘

Persistent Profiles (v1.3.0)

Each userId runs in its own persistent Firefox process/context (backed by launchPersistentContext(userDataDir))
Profile data is stored at ~/.camofox/profiles/{userId}/ (override via CAMOFOX_PROFILES_DIR)
Idle user contexts are closed via LRU eviction (profile data remains on disk)

API Reference

Base URL: http://localhost:9377

Security defaults: CAMOFOX_HOST now defaults to 127.0.0.1, and CAMOFOX_AUTH_MODE=auto keeps local loopback usage open while requiring CAMOFOX_API_KEY when you bind beyond loopback (for example 0.0.0.0 in Docker or PaaS). Set CAMOFOX_AUTH_MODE=required to require API-key auth everywhere. Set CAMOFOX_AUTH_MODE=disabled only for trusted private agent networks whose clients cannot send bearer tokens; this disables API-key auth for protected endpoints and keeps private-network navigation blocked. On non-loopback binds, navigation targets on loopback/private/link-local/metadata hosts are blocked by default unless you explicitly set CAMOFOX_ALLOW_PRIVATE_NETWORK=true. If you also configure PROXY_HOST/PROXY_PORT, exposed deployments must opt into CAMOFOX_ALLOW_PRIVATE_NETWORK=true until proxy-side private-target validation exists.

API Documentation

The Camofox Browser API includes OpenAPI 3.1.0 docs for a representative subset of the shipped route surface:

Interactive API Explorer: http://localhost:9377/api/docs — Swagger UI with live request testing
OpenAPI Specification: http://localhost:9377/openapi.json — Machine-readable OpenAPI 3.1.0 spec

The OpenAPI spec covers a representative subset of core and OpenClaw endpoints, including request schemas, response shapes, authentication requirements, and validation rules.

Core Endpoints

Note: For any endpoint that targets an existing tab (/tabs/:tabId/...), the server resolves tabId within a userId scope. If you omit userId, you will typically get 404 Tab not found.

Method	Endpoint	Description	Required	Auth
POST	`/sessions/:userId/cookies`	Import cookies into a user session (Playwright cookie objects)	Path: `userId`; Body: `{ "cookies": Cookie[] }`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
GET	`/health`	Health check (also pre-launches the browser)	None	None
GET	`/presets`	List available geo presets (built-in + custom)	None	None
POST	`/tabs`	Create a new tab (supports `preset` + per-field overrides)	Body: `userId` + (`sessionKey` or `listItemId`)	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
GET	`/tabs?userId=...`	List all tabs for a user (OpenClaw-compatible response shape)	Query: `userId`	None
POST	`/tabs/:tabId/navigate`	Navigate to a URL, or expand a search `macro` + `query`	Body: `userId` + (`url` or `macro`)	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
GET	`/tabs/:tabId/snapshot?userId=...`	Accessibility snapshot annotated with `eN` element refs	Query: `userId`	None
POST	`/tabs/:tabId/wait`	Wait for page readiness (DOM + optional network idle)	Body: `userId`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
POST	`/tabs/:tabId/click`	Click by `ref` (e.g. `e12`) or CSS `selector`	Body: `userId` + (`ref` or `selector`)	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
POST	`/tabs/:tabId/type`	Type into an element by `ref` or CSS `selector`	Body: `userId` + (`ref` or `selector`) + `text`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
POST	`/tabs/:tabId/press`	Press a key (e.g. `Enter`, `Escape`)	Body: `userId` + `key`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
POST	`/tabs/:tabId/scroll`	Scroll up/down/left/right by pixels	Body: `userId`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
POST	`/tabs/:tabId/scroll-element`	Scroll specific element into view	Body: userId, ref/selector	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
POST	`/tabs/:tabId/back`	Go back	Body: `userId`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
POST	`/tabs/:tabId/forward`	Go forward	Body: `userId`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
POST	`/tabs/:tabId/refresh`	Refresh	Body: `userId`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
GET	`/tabs/:tabId/links?userId=...&limit=50&offset=0`	Extract links (paginated)	Query: `userId`	None
GET	`/tabs/:tabId/images?userId=...`	List extracted images	Query: `userId`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
GET	`/tabs/:tabId/screenshot?userId=...&fullPage=true`	Screenshot (PNG bytes)	Query: `userId`	None
GET	`/tabs/:tabId/stats?userId=...`	Tab stats + visited URLs	Query: `userId`	None
DELETE	`/tabs/:tabId`	Close a tab (expects JSON body: `{ "userId": "..." }`)	Body: `userId`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
DELETE	`/tabs/group/:listItemId`	Close a tab group (expects JSON body: `{ "userId": "..." }`)	Body: `userId`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
DELETE	`/sessions/:userId`	Close all sessions for a user	Path: `userId`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
POST	`/sessions/:userId/toggle-display`	Toggle display mode (headless/headed/virtual)	Path: `userId`; Body: `{ "headless": true\|false\|"virtual" }`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
GET	`/tabs/:tabId/cookies`	Export tab cookies	Query: `userId`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
GET	`/tabs/:tabId/downloads`	List tab downloads	Query: `userId`	None
GET	`/users/:userId/downloads`	List user downloads	Path: `userId`	None
GET	`/downloads/:downloadId`	Download metadata	Query: `userId`	None
GET	`/downloads/:downloadId/content`	Stream download content	Query: `userId`	None
DELETE	`/downloads/:downloadId`	Delete tracked download	Body or Query: `userId`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
POST	`/tabs/:tabId/extract-resources`	Extract downloadable resources	Body: `userId`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
POST	`/tabs/:tabId/batch-download`	Batch download resources	Body: `userId`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
POST	`/tabs/:tabId/resolve-blobs`	Resolve blob URLs to base64	Body: `userId` + `urls[]`	None
POST	`/tabs/:tabId/trace/start`	Start trace recording	Body: `userId`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
POST	`/tabs/:tabId/trace/stop`	Stop and save trace ZIP	Body: `userId`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
POST	`/tabs/:tabId/trace/chunk/start`	Start trace chunk	Body: `userId`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
POST	`/tabs/:tabId/trace/chunk/stop`	Stop chunk and save ZIP	Body: `userId`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
GET	`/tabs/:tabId/trace/status`	Check trace status	Query: `userId`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
GET	`/sessions/:userId/traces`	List managed trace ZIPs for a user	Path: `userId`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
GET	`/sessions/:userId/traces/:filename`	Download a managed trace ZIP	Path: `userId`, `filename`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
DELETE	`/sessions/:userId/traces/:filename`	Delete a managed trace ZIP	Path: `userId`, `filename`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
GET	`/tabs/:tabId/console`	Get console messages	Query: `userId`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
GET	`/tabs/:tabId/errors`	Get uncaught JS errors	Query: `userId`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
POST	`/tabs/:tabId/console/clear`	Clear console + errors	Body or Query: `userId`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
POST	`/tabs/:tabId/extract-structured`	Extract deterministic JSON from a structured schema	Body: `userId` + `schema`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`

Toggle Display Mode

bash
POST /sessions/:userId/toggle-display
{"headless": "virtual"}

Auth: Conditional — requires Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY when CAMOFOX_AUTH_MODE=required or when auto mode has an API key configured. No auth is required in CAMOFOX_AUTH_MODE=disabled.
Switch browser between headless and headed mode. When encountering CAPTCHAs or issues requiring visual interaction, switch to headed mode to show the browser window.

Returns:

json
{"ok": true, "headless": "virtual", "vncUrl": "http://localhost:6080/vnc.html?autoconnect=true&resize=scale&token=...", "message": "Browser visible via VNC", "userId": "agent1"}

Note: This restarts the browser context. All tabs are invalidated but cookies/auth state persist via the persistent profile.

Browser Viewer (noVNC)

When the display mode is set to "virtual" or false, the server automatically starts a VNC viewer accessible via web browser.

bash
# 1. Switch to virtual mode
POST /sessions/:userId/toggle-display
{"headless": "virtual"}
# Response includes vncUrl — open in browser to see Firefox

# 2. Solve CAPTCHA or interact with the browser

# 3. Switch back to headless
POST /sessions/:userId/toggle-display
{"headless": true}
# VNC automatically stops

The VNC session auto-terminates after 2 minutes (configurable via CAMOFOX_VNC_TIMEOUT_MS).

Evaluate JavaScript

Execute a JavaScript expression in the page context and return the JSON-serializable result.

Auth: required when CAMOFOX_AUTH_MODE=required or when auto mode has an API key configured; no auth is required in CAMOFOX_AUTH_MODE=disabled.

Note: async expressions must be wrapped in an async IIFE (for example, (async () => { ... })()). Top-level await is not supported.

bash
POST /tabs/:tabId/evaluate
{"userId": "agent1", "expression": "document.title"}

Returns: {"ok": true, "result": "Page Title", "resultType": "string", "truncated": false}

Evaluate JavaScript (Extended)

Execute a long-running JavaScript expression (up to 300s timeout). Conditionally API-key protected. Rate limited.

Auth: required when CAMOFOX_AUTH_MODE=required or when auto mode has an API key configured; no auth is required in CAMOFOX_AUTH_MODE=disabled.

Note: async expressions must be wrapped in an async IIFE (for example, (async () => { ... })()). Top-level await is not supported.

bash
POST /tabs/:tabId/evaluate-extended
{"userId": "agent1", "expression": "(async () => { const response = await fetch('/api/data'); return await response.json(); })()", "timeout": 60000}

Returns: {"ok": true, "result": {...}, "resultType": "object", "truncated": false}

OpenClaw Endpoints

OpenClaw-compatible aliases (used by the OpenClaw plugin).

Method	Endpoint	Description	Required	Auth
GET	`/`	Status (alias of `/health`)	None	None
POST	`/tabs/open`	Open tab (OpenClaw request/response shape)	Body: `userId` + `url`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
POST	`/start`	Start browser engine	None	None
POST	`/stop`	Stop browser engine	None	`x-admin-key: $CAMOFOX_ADMIN_KEY`
POST	`/navigate`	Navigate (OpenClaw request shape: `targetId` in body)	Body: `userId` + `targetId` + `url`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`
GET	`/snapshot?userId=...&targetId=...`	Snapshot (OpenClaw response shape)	Query: `userId` + `targetId`	None
POST	`/act`	Combined actions (`click`, `type`, `press`, `scroll`, `scrollIntoView`, `hover`, `wait`, `close`, `extractStructured`)	Body: `userId` + `targetId` + `kind`	Conditional: `Authorization: Bearer $CAMOFOX_API_KEY`

Structured Extract

Structured extract returns deterministic JSON from a DOM schema without arbitrary JavaScript. Use it when you want stable data contracts instead of ad-hoc evaluate() calls.

Core API:

bash
curl -X POST "$CAMOFOX_URL/tabs/$TAB_ID/extract-structured" \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '{
    "userId": "agent1",
    "schema": {
      "kind": "object",
      "fields": {
        "title": { "kind": "text", "selector": "h1", "required": true, "trim": true },
        "products": {
          "kind": "list",
          "selector": ".product",
          "item": {
            "kind": "object",
            "fields": {
              "name": { "kind": "text", "selector": ".name", "required": true, "trim": true },
              "href": { "kind": "url", "selector": "a.product-link", "attr": "href", "required": true }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }'

CLI:

bash
camofox extract-structured @schema.json <tabId> --user <userId> --format json

OpenClaw:

bash
curl -X POST "$CAMOFOX_URL/act" \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '{
    "kind": "extractStructured",
    "targetId": "tab-123",
    "userId": "agent1",
    "schema": {
      "kind": "object",
      "fields": {
        "title": { "kind": "text", "selector": "h1", "required": true }
      }
    }
  }'

Notes:

invalid schemas fail with HTTP 400
required runtime misses fail the whole request with HTTP 422 and fieldPath
optional scalar/object/list nodes normalize to null / null / []
selectors must be CSS; no XPath, arbitrary JavaScript, or AI extraction
raw resource extraction and structured extraction stay separate on purpose

Search Macros

Use macros via POST /tabs/:tabId/navigate with { "macro": "@google_search", "query": "..." }.

Macro	Engine
`@google_search`	Google
`@youtube_search`	YouTube
`@amazon_search`	Amazon
`@reddit_search`	Reddit (JSON)
`@reddit_subreddit`	Reddit subreddit (JSON)
`@wikipedia_search`	Wikipedia
`@twitter_search`	Twitter/X
`@yelp_search`	Yelp
`@spotify_search`	Spotify
`@netflix_search`	Netflix
`@linkedin_search`	LinkedIn
`@instagram_search`	Instagram tags
`@tiktok_search`	TikTok
`@twitch_search`	Twitch

Geo Presets

Built-in presets (also exposed via GET /presets):

Preset	Locale	Timezone	Location
`us-east`	`en-US`	`America/New_York`	New York (40.7128, -74.0060)
`us-west`	`en-US`	`America/Los_Angeles`	Los Angeles (34.0522, -118.2437)
`japan`	`ja-JP`	`Asia/Tokyo`	Tokyo (35.6895, 139.6917)
`uk`	`en-GB`	`Europe/London`	London (51.5074, -0.1278)
`germany`	`de-DE`	`Europe/Berlin`	Berlin (52.5200, 13.4050)
`vietnam`	`vi-VN`	`Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh`	Ho Chi Minh City (10.8231, 106.6297)
`singapore`	`en-SG`	`Asia/Singapore`	Singapore (1.3521, 103.8198)
`australia`	`en-AU`	`Australia/Sydney`	Sydney (-33.8688, 151.2093)

Create a tab with a preset:

bash
curl -X POST http://localhost:9377/tabs \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '{"userId":"agent1","sessionKey":"task1","preset":"japan","url":"https://example.com"}'

Custom presets: set CAMOFOX_PRESETS_FILE=/path/to/presets.json (JSON object; keys become preset names).

Session-Level Proxy and Geo Overrides

CamoFox supports session-level proxy and geolocation configuration with a hybrid model that combines server defaults with per-session overrides.

Proxy Configuration Model

Server-level baseline (via environment variables):

PROXY_HOST, PROXY_PORT, PROXY_USERNAME, PROXY_PASSWORD — applied as the default for all sessions
Enables Camoufox geoip mode when configured

Session-level overrides (via POST /tabs or CLI):

proxyProfile — select a named proxy profile from CAMOFOX_PROXY_PROFILES_FILE
proxy — provide raw proxy fields (host, port, username, password) directly
Session-level proxy overrides the server baseline for that specific userId + sessionKey combination

Session identity rules:

The same userId may run different sessionKey profiles in parallel with different proxy/geo configurations
The same userId + sessionKey combination maintains a stable proxy/geo identity — requests with conflicting proxy/geo fields are rejected
Session reuse and cleanup scope proxy/geo identity by userId + sessionKey, not just userId

Geo Mode Behavior

CamoFox offers two geo modes that control how explicit geo fields (locale, timezone, geolocation) interact with proxy-derived geo:

geoMode=explicit-wins (default):

Explicit geo fields (locale, timezone, geolocation) remain authoritative
Proxy-derived geo suggestions are ignored
Use this mode when you want precise geo control regardless of proxy location

geoMode=proxy-locked:

Explicit geo fields that conflict with proxy-derived geo are rejected
Proxy-derived geo is authoritative
Use this mode to ensure geo consistency with proxy exit location

CLI Examples

Session-level proxy with named profile:

bash
camofox open https://example.com --proxy-profile tokyo-exit --user agent1

Session-level proxy with raw fields:

bash
camofox open https://example.com \
  --proxy-host proxy.example.com \
  --proxy-port 8080 \
  --proxy-username user \
  --proxy-password pass \
  --user agent1

Combine proxy with geo mode:

bash
camofox open https://example.com \
  --proxy-profile london-exit \
  --geo uk \
  --geo-mode proxy-locked \
  --user agent1

API Examples

Using a named proxy profile with explicit geo:

bash
curl -X POST http://localhost:9377/tabs \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '{
    "userId": "agent1",
    "sessionKey": "task1",
    "url": "https://example.com",
    "proxyProfile": "tokyo-exit",
    "preset": "japan",
    "geoMode": "explicit-wins"
  }'

Using raw proxy fields with proxy-locked geo:

bash
curl -X POST http://localhost:9377/tabs \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '{
    "userId": "agent1",
    "sessionKey": "task2",
    "url": "https://example.com",
    "proxy": {
      "host": "proxy.example.com",
      "port": 8080,
      "username": "user",
      "password": "pass"
    },
    "geoMode": "proxy-locked"
  }'

Named Proxy Profiles

Define proxy profiles in a JSON file and point CAMOFOX_PROXY_PROFILES_FILE to it:

json
{
  "tokyo-exit": {
    "server": "http://tokyo.proxy.example.com:8080",
    "username": "user",
    "password": "pass"
  },
  "london-exit": {
    "server": "http://london.proxy.example.com:8080"
  }
}

Then use profiles by name in API requests or CLI commands.

Environment Variables

Variable	Default	Description
`CAMOFOX_PORT`	`9377`	Server port
`PORT`	(optional)	Alternative port env var (common in PaaS)
`NODE_ENV`	`development`	Node environment
`CAMOFOX_HOST`	`127.0.0.1`	Server bind host. Set `0.0.0.0` for Docker/PaaS/network exposure. Non-loopback binds require `CAMOFOX_API_KEY` unless `CAMOFOX_AUTH_MODE=disabled`.
`CAMOFOX_ADMIN_KEY`	(empty)	Required for `POST /stop` (sent via `x-admin-key`)
`CAMOFOX_AUTH_MODE`	`auto`	API-key policy: `auto` allows loopback without auth and requires `CAMOFOX_API_KEY` for non-loopback binds; `required` requires `CAMOFOX_API_KEY` for every bind; `disabled` disables API-key auth for protected endpoints and is only for trusted private agent networks.
`CAMOFOX_API_KEY`	(empty)	Guards protected endpoints (tab creation, navigation, interaction, session management, downloads, image extraction, tracing, console) via `Authorization: Bearer` header when set. Required in `CAMOFOX_AUTH_MODE=required`, and required by `auto` whenever `CAMOFOX_HOST` exposes the server beyond loopback. Must be unset when `CAMOFOX_AUTH_MODE=disabled`.
`CAMOFOX_ALLOW_PRIVATE_NETWORK`	`true` on loopback binds, `false` otherwise	Allows navigation to loopback/private/link-local/metadata targets. Leave unset for the safe default; enable only for trusted deployments that intentionally need internal-network reachability.
`CAMOFOX_HEADLESS`	`true`	Display mode: `true` (headless), `false` (headed), `virtual` (Xvfb)
`CAMOFOX_VNC_RESOLUTION`	`1920x1080x24`	Virtual Xvfb display resolution (`WIDTHxHEIGHTxDEPTH`)
`CAMOFOX_VNC_TIMEOUT_MS`	`120000`	Max VNC session duration in ms before auto-stop
`CAMOFOX_EVAL_EXTENDED_RATE_LIMIT_MAX`	`20`	Max evaluate-extended requests per user per window
`CAMOFOX_EVAL_EXTENDED_RATE_LIMIT_WINDOW_MS`	`60000`	Rate limit window duration in ms
`CAMOFOX_COOKIES_DIR`	`~/.camofox/cookies`	Directory used by the OpenClaw plugin cookie tool
`CAMOFOX_PROFILES_DIR`	`~/.camofox/profiles`	Profile storage directory (persistent per-user Firefox profiles)
`CAMOFOX_DOWNLOADS_DIR`	`~/.camofox/downloads`	Download artifact directory
`CAMOFOX_DOWNLOAD_TTL_MS`	`86400000`	Download metadata retention TTL
`CAMOFOX_MAX_DOWNLOAD_SIZE_MB`	`100`	Max single download size
`CAMOFOX_MAX_BATCH_CONCURRENCY`	`5`	Batch download concurrency cap
`CAMOFOX_MAX_BLOB_SIZE_MB`	`5`	Max blob payload size
`CAMOFOX_MAX_DOWNLOADS_PER_USER`	`500`	Per-user download record cap
`CAMOFOX_CONSOLE_BUFFER_SIZE`	`1000`	Per-tab console/error message buffer size (minimum `100`)
`HANDLER_TIMEOUT_MS`	`30000`	Handler timeout fallback
`MAX_CONCURRENT_PER_USER`	`3`	Concurrent operations per user
`CAMOFOX_VNC_BASE_PORT`	`6080`	noVNC/websockify base port
`CAMOFOX_VNC_HOST`	`localhost`	noVNC host in returned URL
`CAMOFOX_CLI_USER`	`cli-default`	Default CLI user id
`CAMOFOX_SERVER_PID_FILE`	(unset)	Optional daemon PID file path used by the CLI server manager
`CAMOFOX_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS`	`1800000`	Stage 1 idle cleanup threshold (ms)
`CAMOFOX_IDLE_EXIT_TIMEOUT_MS`	`1800000`	Stage 2 daemon exit quiet window (ms, defaults to match Stage 1)
`CAMOFOX_PRESETS_FILE`	(unset)	Optional JSON file defining/overriding geo presets
`CAMOFOX_PROXY_PROFILES_FILE`	(unset)	Optional JSON file defining named proxy profiles for session-level overrides
`CAMOFOX_SESSION_TIMEOUT`	`1800000`	Session idle timeout in ms (min `60000`)
`CAMOFOX_MAX_SESSIONS`	`50`	Maximum concurrent sessions
`CAMOFOX_MAX_TABS`	`10`	Maximum tabs per session
`PROXY_HOST`	(empty)	Proxy host (server-level default; enables proxy routing)
`PROXY_PORT`	(empty)	Proxy port (server-level default)
`PROXY_USERNAME`	(empty)	Proxy username (server-level default)
`PROXY_PASSWORD`	(empty)	Proxy password (server-level default)
`CAMOFOX_MAX_SNAPSHOT_CHARS`	`80000`	Max characters in snapshot before truncation
`CAMOFOX_MAX_SNAPSHOT_NODES`	`2000`	Max accessibility snapshot nodes before truncation
`CAMOFOX_SNAPSHOT_TAIL_CHARS`	`5000`	Characters preserved at end of truncated snapshot
`CAMOFOX_BUILDREFS_TIMEOUT_MS`	`12000`	Timeout for building element refs
`CAMOFOX_TAB_LOCK_TIMEOUT_MS`	`30000`	Timeout for acquiring tab lock
`CAMOFOX_TRACES_DIR`	`~/.camofox/traces`	Managed Playwright trace artifact directory
`CAMOFOX_TRACE_MAX_DURATION_MS`	`300000`	Maximum trace recording duration before automatic stop
`CAMOFOX_HEALTH_PROBE_INTERVAL_MS`	`60000`	Health probe check interval
`CAMOFOX_FAILURE_THRESHOLD`	`3`	Consecutive failures before health degradation
`CAMOFOX_YT_DLP_TIMEOUT_MS`	`30000`	Timeout for yt-dlp subtitle extraction
`CAMOFOX_YT_BROWSER_TIMEOUT_MS`	`25000`	Timeout for browser transcript fallback
`CAMOFOX_OS`	(unset)	Optional server-wide Camoufox OS override (`windows`, `macos`, `linux`, or comma-separated list for randomization)
`CAMOFOX_ALLOW_WEBGL`	(unset)	Optional server-wide WebGL override; malformed values fail startup
`CAMOFOX_SCREEN_WIDTH`	(unset)	Optional screen width override; applied only with `CAMOFOX_SCREEN_HEIGHT`
`CAMOFOX_SCREEN_HEIGHT`	(unset)	Optional screen height override; applied only with `CAMOFOX_SCREEN_WIDTH`
`CAMOFOX_HUMANIZE`	(unset)	Optional server-wide humanization override

CAMOFOX_OS and CAMOFOX_SCREEN_* are generation-time controls: they affect only newly generated fingerprints and have no effect while an existing fingerprint.json sidecar is in use. Reset the profile or delete fingerprint.json to force regeneration under the new defaults. CAMOFOX_ALLOW_WEBGL and CAMOFOX_HUMANIZE are launch-time overrides and apply on every browser launch regardless of whether a sidecar is reused.

Idle Lifecycle Policy

CamoFox implements a two-stage idle lifecycle for graceful cleanup and daemon exit:

Stage 1 — Idle Cleanup

After CAMOFOX_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS of idle time (default: 30 minutes), the server runs cleanup to close idle sessions and tabs
Cleanup is delayed if browser contexts are launching or sessions are being created
New interactive activity (tab creation, navigation, interaction) cancels any pending cleanup

Stage 2 — Daemon Exit

After Stage 1 cleanup completes, the server waits for CAMOFOX_IDLE_EXIT_TIMEOUT_MS (default: matches Stage 1 timeout)
If no new activity occurs during this quiet window, the daemon process exits gracefully
Any new request activity cancels the pending exit timer

Activity detection:

Live tabs, launching browser contexts, or staged session creation count as active work and prevent cleanup
Empty sessions (sessions with no tabs) do not block cleanup but do disarm pending daemon exit
New interactive activity resets both cleanup and exit timers

This two-stage model ensures cleanup runs before daemon exit, preventing resource leaks while allowing the server to shut down cleanly when fully idle.

Deployment

Docker (Recommended)

bash
docker build -t camofox-browser .
docker run -p 9377:9377 -p 6080:6080 \
  -v ~/.camofox:/home/node/.camofox \
  -e CAMOFOX_HOST=0.0.0.0 \
  -e CAMOFOX_PORT=9377 \
  -e CAMOFOX_AUTH_MODE=auto \
  -e CAMOFOX_API_KEY=change-me \
  camofox-browser

For private Docker networks used by agents such as Hermes, OpenClaw, or GoClaw that cannot send a bearer token, keep the service off published host ports and disable API-key auth explicitly:

bash
docker network create camofox-agents
docker run -d \
  --name camofox-browser \
  --network camofox-agents \
  -e CAMOFOX_HOST=0.0.0.0 \
  -e CAMOFOX_AUTH_MODE=disabled \
  -v ~/.camofox:/home/node/.camofox \
  camofox-browser

Then configure the agent with CAMOFOX_URL=http://camofox-browser:9377 from another container on the same Docker network. Do not combine CAMOFOX_AUTH_MODE=disabled with public port publishing or CAMOFOX_ALLOW_PRIVATE_NETWORK=true.

Fly.io

This repo includes a starter fly.toml for one-command deploys.

bash
fly launch
fly deploy

Railway

Create a new project → deploy from this GitHub repo
Set CAMOFOX_HOST=0.0.0.0
Set CAMOFOX_API_KEY to a strong secret
Set CAMOFOX_PORT=9377 (Railway will also provide PORT, which is supported)
Ensure the service exposes port 9377

Render

Create a new Web Service → deploy from this GitHub repo
Use Docker (recommended) and expose port 9377
Set CAMOFOX_HOST=0.0.0.0
Set CAMOFOX_API_KEY to a strong secret
Set CAMOFOX_PORT=9377 (or rely on Render PORT)

System Requirements

Node.js 20+
2GB+ RAM (browser + contexts require significant memory)
Linux recommended for production; macOS is fine for development

Used With

Project	Description
CamoFox MCP	MCP (Model Context Protocol) server for Claude, Cursor, VS Code
OpenClaw	Open-source AI agent framework (compat endpoints included)
Camoufox	Anti-detection Firefox browser engine

Project Structure

text
src/
├── cli/
│   ├── commands/       # Command modules (core, navigation, interaction, etc.)
│   │   ├── console.ts   # Console capture commands
│   │   └── trace.ts     # Playwright tracing commands
│   ├── vault/          # Auth vault (encryption, storage)
│   ├── server/         # Server lifecycle management
│   ├── transport/      # HTTP transport layer
│   ├── output/         # Output formatting
│   └── utils/          # Shared utilities
├── server.ts           # Express app entry point
├── types.ts            # Shared TypeScript interfaces
├── routes/
│   ├── core.ts         # Core REST API (~42 endpoints)
│   └── openclaw.ts     # OpenClaw compatibility (~7 endpoints)
├── services/
│   ├── browser.ts      # Browser lifecycle + persistent context pool
│   ├── batch-downloader.ts # Batch download orchestrator
│   ├── context-pool.ts # Browser context pool with LRU eviction
│   ├── download.ts     # Download tracking service
│   ├── health.ts       # Browser health tracking
│   ├── resource-extractor.ts # Page resource extraction
│   ├── session.ts      # Session management + limits
│   ├── tab.ts          # Tab operations (snapshot/click/type/etc.)
│   ├── tracing.ts      # Playwright tracing service
│   ├── vnc.ts          # VNC/virtual display lifecycle
│   └── youtube.ts      # YouTube transcript extraction
├── middleware/
│   ├── auth.ts         # API/admin auth helpers
│   ├── errors.ts       # Error handling
│   ├── logging.ts      # Structured logging
│   └── rate-limit.ts   # In-memory rate limiter
└── utils/
  ├── config.ts       # Environment config parsing
  ├── cookies.ts      # Cookie utilities
  ├── download-helpers.ts # Download helper functions
  ├── launcher.ts     # Browser launcher utilities
  ├── macros.ts       # Search macro expansion
  ├── presets.ts      # Geo preset definitions/loader
  └── snapshot.ts     # Snapshot truncation/windowing

Contributing

See CONTRIBUTING.md

Credits

This project is based on camofox-browser by Jo Inc (YC W24) and the Camoufox anti-detection browser engine by daijro.

Camoufox - Firefox-based browser with C++ anti-detection
Donate to Camoufox's original creator daijro
OpenClaw - Open-source AI agent framework

License

MIT

Crypto Scam Warning

Sketchy people are doing sketchy things with crypto tokens named "Camofox" now that this project is getting attention. Camofox is not a crypto project and will never be one. Any token, coin, or NFT using the Camofox name has nothing to do with us.

CamoFox Browser Server

Table of Contents

Why CamoFox?

Features

Preview Status

What Preview Means

What Preview Does NOT Guarantee

Compatibility Policy

Local State Recovery

Quick Start

From Source

Using npm (CLI)

Using Docker

Using Docker Compose

Verify

CLI

Installation

Quick Start

Core Commands

Session Management

Cookie Management

Auth Vault

Pipeline Scripting

Server Management

Diagnostics

Console Capture

Playwright Tracing

Global Options

Output Formats

Security

Anti-Detection

Auth Vault

LLM Agent Safety

Usage with AI Agents

AI Coding Assistants (Recommended)

Claude Code

Cursor / GitHub Copilot / Codex

MCP Integration (Recommended)

CLI Integration

Pipeline Automation

Architecture

Persistent Profiles (v1.3.0)

API Reference

API Documentation

Core Endpoints

Toggle Display Mode

Browser Viewer (noVNC)

Evaluate JavaScript

Evaluate JavaScript (Extended)

OpenClaw Endpoints

Structured Extract

Search Macros

Geo Presets

Session-Level Proxy and Geo Overrides

Proxy Configuration Model

Geo Mode Behavior

CLI Examples

API Examples

Named Proxy Profiles

Environment Variables

Idle Lifecycle Policy

Deployment

Docker (Recommended)

Fly.io

Railway

Render

System Requirements

Used With

Project Structure

Contributing

Credits

License

Crypto Scam Warning

Contributors

Related Repositories