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ESP32 targz

๐Ÿ—œ๏ธ An Arduino library to compress/decompress tar, gz, and tar.gz files on ESP32, ESP8266, RP2040 and Teensy

From tobozoยทUpdated April 27, 2026ยทView on GitHubยท

- uzlib https://github.com/pfalcon/uzlib - TinyUntar https://github.com/dsoprea/TinyUntar The project is written primarily in C++, distributed under the Other license, first published in 2020. Key topics include: arduino, arduino-library, esp32, esp8266, gz.

Latest release: v1.3.1
January 29, 2026View Changelog โ†’

๐Ÿ—œ๏ธ ESP32-targz

An Compression/Decompression Arduino library for ESP32/ESP8266/RP2040/Teensy to handle .tar, .gz and .tar.gz files

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PlatformIO Registry

<p align="center"> <img src="ESP32-targz.png" alt="ES32-targz logo" width="512" /> </p>

๐Ÿ†• ESP32-targz now supports all versions of Teensy!

ESP32-targz is based on those two great libraries:

ESP32-targz enables the channeling of gz :arrow_left::arrow_right: tar :arrow_left::arrow_right: filesystem data in both directions.

Parental advisory: this project was made under the influence of hyperfocus and its code may contain comments that are unfit for children.

Scope

  • Compressing to .tar.gz
  • Decompressing from tar.gz
  • Compressing to gz
  • Decompressing from gz
  • Packing files/folders to tar
  • Unpacking tar
  • Supports any fs::FS filesystem (SD, SD_MMC, FFat, LittleFS) and Stream (HTTP, HTTPS, UDP, CAN, Ethernet)
  • This is experimental, expect bugs!
  • Contributions and feedback are more than welcome :-)

Tradeoffs

When decompressing to the filesystem (e.g. NOT when streaming to TAR), gzip can work without the dictionary.
Disabling the dictionary can cause huge slowdowns but saves ~36KB of ram.

TinyUntar requires 512bytes only so its memory footprint is negligible.

Limitations

  • ESP32-targz decompression can only have one output filesystem (see Support Matrix), and it must be set at compilation time (see Usage).
    This limitation does not apply to the input filesystem/stream.

Support Matrix

fs::FSSPIFFSLittleFSSDSD_MMCFFAT
ESP321.03.1.01.0.51.01.0
ESP8266Builtin0.1.00.1.0n/an/a
RP2040n/a0.1.02.0.0n/an/a
Teensy*n/aBuiltinBuiltinn/an/a

:warning: (*)Teensy: because Teensyduino FS class is not namespaced, the builtin versions of LittleFS and SD must be wrapped using unifyFS() function, see the Teensy4.1 example.

Usage

:warning: Optional: setting the #define before including <ESP32-targz.h> will alias a default flash filesystem to tarGzFS.

C
// Set **destination** filesystem by uncommenting one of these: //#define DEST_FS_USES_SPIFFS //#define DEST_FS_USES_FFAT //#define DEST_FS_USES_SD //#define DEST_FS_USES_SD_MMC #define DEST_FS_USES_LITTLEFS #include <ESP32-targz.h> // filesystem object will be available as "tarGzFS"

Extract content from .gz file

C
// mount spiffs (or any other filesystem) tarGzFS.begin(); GzUnpacker *GZUnpacker = new GzUnpacker(); GZUnpacker->haltOnError( true ); // stop on fail (manual restart/reset required) GZUnpacker->setupFSCallbacks( targzTotalBytesFn, targzFreeBytesFn ); // prevent the partition from exploding, recommended GZUnpacker->setGzProgressCallback( BaseUnpacker::defaultProgressCallback ); // targzNullProgressCallback or defaultProgressCallback GZUnpacker->setLoggerCallback( BaseUnpacker::targzPrintLoggerCallback ); // gz log verbosity // expand one file if( !GZUnpacker->gzExpander(tarGzFS, "/gz_example.gz", tarGzFS, "/gz_example.jpg") ) { Serial.printf("gzExpander failed with return code #%d", GZUnpacker->tarGzGetError() ); } // expand another file if( ! gzExpander(tarGzFS, "/blah.gz", tarGzFS, "/blah.jpg") ) { Serial.printf("operation failed with return code #%d", GZUnpacker->tarGzGetError() ); }

Expand contents from .tar file to /tmp folder

C
// mount spiffs (or any other filesystem) tarGzFS.begin(); TarUnpacker *TARUnpacker = new TarUnpacker(); TARUnpacker->haltOnError( true ); // stop on fail (manual restart/reset required) TARUnpacker->setTarVerify( true ); // true = enables health checks but slows down the overall process TARUnpacker->setupFSCallbacks( targzTotalBytesFn, targzFreeBytesFn ); // prevent the partition from exploding, recommended TARUnpacker->setTarProgressCallback( BaseUnpacker::defaultProgressCallback ); // prints the untarring progress for each individual file TARUnpacker->setTarStatusProgressCallback( BaseUnpacker::defaultTarStatusProgressCallback ); // print the filenames as they're expanded TARUnpacker->setTarMessageCallback( BaseUnpacker::targzPrintLoggerCallback ); // tar log verbosity if( !TARUnpacker->tarExpander(tarGzFS, "/tar_example.tar", tarGzFS, "/") ) { Serial.printf("tarExpander failed with return code #%d\n", TARUnpacker->tarGzGetError() ); }

Expand contents from .tar.gz to /tmp folder

C
// mount spiffs (or any other filesystem) tarGzFS.begin(); TarGzUnpacker *TARGZUnpacker = new TarGzUnpacker(); TARGZUnpacker->haltOnError( true ); // stop on fail (manual restart/reset required) TARGZUnpacker->setTarVerify( true ); // true = enables health checks but slows down the overall process TARGZUnpacker->setupFSCallbacks( targzTotalBytesFn, targzFreeBytesFn ); // prevent the partition from exploding, recommended TARGZUnpacker->setGzProgressCallback( BaseUnpacker::defaultProgressCallback ); // targzNullProgressCallback or defaultProgressCallback TARGZUnpacker->setLoggerCallback( BaseUnpacker::targzPrintLoggerCallback ); // gz log verbosity TARGZUnpacker->setTarProgressCallback( BaseUnpacker::defaultProgressCallback ); // prints the untarring progress for each individual file TARGZUnpacker->setTarStatusProgressCallback( BaseUnpacker::defaultTarStatusProgressCallback ); // print the filenames as they're expanded TARGZUnpacker->setTarMessageCallback( BaseUnpacker::targzPrintLoggerCallback ); // tar log verbosity // using an intermediate file (default is /tmp/tmp.tar) if( !TARGZUnpacker->tarGzExpander(tarGzFS, "/targz_example.tar.gz", tarGzFS, "/tmp") ) { Serial.printf("tarGzExpander+intermediate file failed with return code #%d\n", TARGZUnpacker->tarGzGetError() ); } // or without intermediate file if( !TARGZUnpacker->tarGzExpander(tarGzFS, "/targz_example.tar.gz", tarGzFS, "/tmp", nullptr ) ) { Serial.printf("tarGzExpander+intermediate file failed with return code #%d\n", TARGZUnpacker->tarGzGetError() ); }

Flash the ESP with contents from .gz file

C
// mount spiffs (or any other filesystem) tarGzFS.begin(); GzUnpacker *GZUnpacker = new GzUnpacker(); GZUnpacker->haltOnError( true ); // stop on fail (manual restart/reset required) GZUnpacker->setupFSCallbacks( targzTotalBytesFn, targzFreeBytesFn ); // prevent the partition from exploding, recommended GZUnpacker->setGzProgressCallback( BaseUnpacker::defaultProgressCallback ); // targzNullProgressCallback or defaultProgressCallback GZUnpacker->setLoggerCallback( BaseUnpacker::targzPrintLoggerCallback ); // gz log verbosity if( ! GZUnpacker->gzUpdater(tarGzFS, firmwareFile, U_FLASH,/*don't restart after update*/false ) ) { Serial.printf("gzUpdater failed with return code #%d\n", GZUnpacker->tarGzGetError() ); }

ESP32 Only: Flash the ESP with contents from .gz stream

C
// mount spiffs (or any other filesystem) tarGzFS.begin(); fs::File file = tarGzFS.open( "/example_firmware.gz", "r" ); if (!file) { Serial.println("Can't open file"); return; } GzUnpacker *GZUnpacker = new GzUnpacker(); GZUnpacker->haltOnError( true ); // stop on fail (manual restart/reset required) GZUnpacker->setupFSCallbacks( targzTotalBytesFn, targzFreeBytesFn ); // prevent the partition from exploding, recommended GZUnpacker->setGzProgressCallback( BaseUnpacker::defaultProgressCallback ); // targzNullProgressCallback or defaultProgressCallback GZUnpacker->setLoggerCallback( BaseUnpacker::targzPrintLoggerCallback ); // gz log verbosity if( !GZUnpacker->gzStreamUpdater( (Stream *)&file, UPDATE_SIZE_UNKNOWN ) ) { Serial.printf("gzStreamUpdater failed with return code #%d\n", GZUnpacker->tarGzGetError() ); }

ESP32 Only: Direct expansion (no intermediate file) from .tar.gz. stream

C
// mount spiffs (or any other filesystem) tarGzFS.begin(); fs::File file = tarGzFS.open( "/example_archive.tgz", "r" ); if (!file) { Serial.println("Can't open file"); return; } TarGzUnpacker *TARGZUnpacker = new TarGzUnpacker(); TARGZUnpacker->haltOnError( true ); // stop on fail (manual restart/reset required) TARGZUnpacker->setTarVerify( true ); // true = enables health checks but slows down the overall process TARGZUnpacker->setupFSCallbacks( targzTotalBytesFn, targzFreeBytesFn ); // prevent the partition from exploding, recommended TARGZUnpacker->setGzProgressCallback( BaseUnpacker::defaultProgressCallback ); // targzNullProgressCallback or defaultProgressCallback TARGZUnpacker->setLoggerCallback( BaseUnpacker::targzPrintLoggerCallback ); // gz log verbosity TARGZUnpacker->setTarProgressCallback( BaseUnpacker::defaultProgressCallback ); // prints the untarring progress for each individual file TARGZUnpacker->setTarStatusProgressCallback( BaseUnpacker::defaultTarStatusProgressCallback ); // print the filenames as they're expanded TARGZUnpacker->setTarMessageCallback( BaseUnpacker::targzPrintLoggerCallback ); // tar log verbosity if( !TARGZUnpacker->tarGzStreamExpander( (Stream *)&file, tarGzFS ) ) { Serial.printf("tarGzStreamExpander failed with return code #%d\n", TARGZUnpacker->tarGzGetError() ); }

ESP32 Only: Direct Update (no intermediate file) from .tar.gz. stream

C
TarGzUnpacker *TARGZUnpacker = new TarGzUnpacker(); TARGZUnpacker->haltOnError( true ); // stop on fail (manual restart/reset required) TARGZUnpacker->setTarVerify( false ); // nothing to verify as we're writing a partition TARGZUnpacker->setGzProgressCallback( BaseUnpacker::targzNullProgressCallback ); // don't care about gz progress TARGZUnpacker->setTarProgressCallback( BaseUnpacker::defaultProgressCallback ); // prints the untarring progress for each individual partition TARGZUnpacker->setTarStatusProgressCallback( BaseUnpacker::defaultTarStatusProgressCallback ); // print the filenames as they're expanded TARGZUnpacker->setTarMessageCallback( myTarMessageCallback/*BaseUnpacker::targzPrintLoggerCallback*/ ); // tar log verbosity // mount SD SD.begin(); // this .tar.gz file has both the "app.ino.bin" and "app.spiffs.bin" partitions fs::File file = SD.open( "/bundle_firmware.tar.gz", "r" ); if (!file) { Serial.println("Can't open file"); return; } // this could also be a HTTP/HTTPS/UDP/Ethernet Stream Stream *streamptr = &file; if( !TARGZUnpacker->tarGzStreamUpdater( streamptr ) ) { Serial.printf("tarGzStreamUpdater failed with return code #%d\n", TARGZUnpacker->tarGzGetError() ); } else { Serial.println( "Flashing successful, now restarting" ); ESP.restart(); }

LZPacker::compress() signatures:

cpp
// buffer to stream (best compression) size_t compress( uint8_t* srcBuf, size_t srcBufLen, Stream* dstStream ); // buffer to buffer (best compression) size_t compress( uint8_t* srcBuf, size_t srcBufLen, uint8_t** dstBufPtr ); // stream to buffer size_t compress( Stream* srcStream, size_t srcLen, uint8_t** dstBufPtr ); // stream to stream size_t compress( Stream* srcStream, size_t srcLen, Stream* dstStream ); // stream to file size_t compress( Stream* srcStream, size_t srcLen, fs::FS*dstFS, const char* dstFilename ); // file to file size_t compress( fs::FS *srcFS, const char* srcFilename, fs::FS*dstFS, const char* dstFilename ); // file to stream size_t compress( fs::FS *srcFS, const char* srcFilename, Stream* dstStream );

Compress to .gz (buffer to stream)

C
const char* json = "{\"hello\":\"world\"}"; // input buffer File out = LittleFS.open("/out.gz", "w"); // output stream size_t compressedSize = LZPacker::compress( (uint8_t*)json, strlen(json), &out ); out.close();

Compress to .gz (buffer to buffer)

C
const char* json = "{\"hello\":\"world\"}"; // input buffer uint8_t* compressedBytes; // output buffer size_t compressedSize = LZPacker::compress( (uint8_t*)json, strlen(json), &compressedBytes); // do something with compressedBytes free(compressedBytes);

Compress to .gz (stream to buffer)

C
File in = LittleFS.open("/my.uncompressed.file.txt"); // input stream uint8_t* compressedBytes; // output buffer size_t compressedSize = LZPacker::compress( &in, in.size(), &compressedBytes ); // do something with compressedBytes free(compressedBytes); in.close();

Compress to .gz (stream to stream)

C
File in = LittleFS.open("/my.uncompressed.file.txt"); // input stream File out = LittleFS.open("/out.gz", "w"); // output stream size_t compressedSize = LZPacker::compress( &in, in.size(), &out ); out.close(); in.close();

TarPacker::pack_files() signatures:

cpp
int pack_files(fs::FS *srcFS, std::vector<dir_entity_t> dirEntities, Stream* dstStream, const char* tar_prefix=nullptr); int pack_files(fs::FS *srcFS, std::vector<dir_entity_t> dirEntities, fs::FS *dstFS, const char*tar_output_file_path, const char* tar_prefix=nullptr);

Pack to .tar (entities to File)

C
std::vector<TAR::dir_entity_t> dirEntities; TarPacker::collectDirEntities(&dirEntities, &LittleFS, "/folder/to/pack"); auto packedSize = TarPacker::pack_files(&LittleFS, dirEntities, &LittleFS, "/my.archive.tar");

Pack to .tar (entities to Stream)

C
std::vector<TAR::dir_entity_t> dirEntities; TarPacker::collectDirEntities(&dirEntities, &LittleFS, "/folder/to/pack"); File tarOutfile = LittleFS.open("/my.archive.tar", "w"); size_t packedSize = TarPacker::pack_files(&LittleFS, dirEntities, &tarOutfile); tarOutfile.close();

TarGzPacker::compress() signatures:

cpp
int compress(fs::FS *srcFS, const char* srcDir, Stream* dstStream, const char* tar_prefix=nullptr); int compress(fs::FS *srcFS, const char* srcDir, fs::FS *dstFS, const char* tgz_name, const char* tar_prefix=nullptr); int compress(fs::FS *srcFS, std::vector<dir_entity_t> dirEntities, Stream* dstStream, const char* tar_prefix=nullptr); int compress(fs::FS *srcFS, std::vector<dir_entity_t> dirEntities, fs::FS *dstFS, const char* tgz_name, const char* tar_prefix=nullptr);

Pack & compress to .tar.gz file/stream (no filtering on source files/folders list, recursion applies)

C
File TarGzOutFile = LittleFS.open("/my.archive.tar.gz", "w"); size_t compressedSize = TarGzPacker::compress(&LittleFS/*source*/, "/folder/to/compress", &TarGzOutFile); TarGzOutFile.close();

Pack & compress to .tar.gz file/stream

C
std::vector<TAR::dir_entity_t> dirEntities; TarPacker::collectDirEntities(&dirEntities, &LittleFS/*source*/, "/folder/to/compress"); // eventually filter content from dirEntities File TarGzOutFile = LittleFS.open("/my.archive.tar.gz", "w"); size_t compressedSize = TarGzPacker::compress(&LittleFS/*source*/, dirEntities, &TarGzOutFile); TarGzOutFile.close();

Pack & compress to .tar.gz file (no filtering on source files/folders list, recursion applies)

C
File TarGzOutFile = LittleFS.open("/my.archive.tar.gz", "w"); size_t compressedSize = TarGzPacker::compress(&LittleFS/*source*/, "/folder/to/compress", &LittleFS/*destination*/, "/my.archive.tar.gz"); TarGzOutFile.close();

Pack & compress to .tar.gz file

C
std::vector<TAR::dir_entity_t> dirEntities; TarPacker::collectDirEntities(&dirEntities, &LittleFS/*source*/, "/folder/to/compress"); // eventually filter content from dirEntities File TarGzOutFile = LittleFS.open("/my.archive.tar.gz", "w"); size_t compressedSize = TarGzPacker::compress(&LittleFS/*source*/, dirEntities, &LittleFS/*destination*/, "/my.archive.tar.gz"); TarGzOutFile.close();

TarGzUnpacker/GzUnpacker/TarUnpacker Callbacks

C
// basic progress callback (valid for tar or gzip) void myBasicProgressCallback( uint8_t progress ) { Serial.printf("Progress: %d\n", progress ); } // complex progress callback (valid for tar or gzip) void myProgressCallback( uint8_t progress ) { static int8_t myLastProgress = -1; if( myLastProgress != progress ) { if( myLastProgress == -1 ) { Serial.print("Progress: "); } myLastProgress = progress; switch( progress ) { case 0: Serial.print("0% โ–“"); break; case 25: Serial.print(" 25% ");break; case 50: Serial.print(" 50% ");break; case 75: Serial.print(" 75% ");break; case 100: Serial.print("โ–“ 100%\n"); myLastProgress = -1; break; default: if( progress < 100) Serial.print( "โ–“" ); break; } } } // General Error/Warning/Info logger void myLogger(const char* format, ...) { va_list args; va_start(args, format); vprintf(format, args); va_end(args); } // status callback for TAR (fired at file creation) void myTarStatusProgressCallback( const char* name, size_t size, size_t total_unpacked ) { Serial.printf("[TAR] %-64s %8d bytes - %8d Total bytes\n", name, size, total_unpacked ); }

TarGzUnpacker/GzUnpacker/TarUnpacker Return Codes

*Unpacker->tarGzGetError() returns a value when a problem occured:

  • General library error codes

    • 0 : Yay no error!
    • -1 : Filesystem error
    • -6 : Same a Filesystem error
    • -7 : Update not finished? Something went wrong
    • -38 : Logic error during deflating
    • -39 : Logic error during gzip read
    • -40 : Logic error during file creation
    • -100 : No space left on device
    • -101 : No space left on device
    • -102 : No space left on device
    • -103 : Not enough heap
    • -104 : Gzip dictionnary needs to be enabled
    • -105 : Gz Error when parsing header
    • -106 : Gz Error when allocating memory
    • -107 : General error, file integrity check fail
  • UZLIB: forwarding error values from uzlib.h as is (no offset)

    • -2 : Not a valid gzip file
    • -3 : Gz Error TINF_DATA_ERROR
    • -4 : Gz Error TINF_CHKSUM_ERROR
    • -5 : Gz Error TINF_DICT_ERROR
    • -41 : Gz error, can't guess filename
  • UPDATE: applying -20 offset to forwarded error values from Update.h

    • -8 : Updater Error UPDATE_ERROR_ABORT
    • -9 : Updater Error UPDATE_ERROR_BAD_ARGUMENT
    • -10 : Updater Error UPDATE_ERROR_NO_PARTITION
    • -11 : Updater Error UPDATE_ERROR_ACTIVATE
    • -12 : Updater Error UPDATE_ERROR_MAGIC_BYTE
    • -13 : Updater Error UPDATE_ERROR_MD5
    • -14 : Updater Error UPDATE_ERROR_STREAM
    • -15 : Updater Error UPDATE_ERROR_SIZE
    • -16 : Updater Error UPDATE_ERROR_SPACE
    • -17 : Updater Error UPDATE_ERROR_READ
    • -18 : Updater Error UPDATE_ERROR_ERASE
    • -19 : Updater Error UPDATE_ERROR_WRITE
  • TAR: applying -30 offset to forwarded error values from untar.h

    • 32 : Tar Error TAR_ERR_DATACB_FAIL
    • 33 : Tar Error TAR_ERR_HEADERCB_FAIL
    • 34 : Tar Error TAR_ERR_FOOTERCB_FAIL
    • 35 : Tar Error TAR_ERR_READBLOCK_FAIL
    • 36 : Tar Error TAR_ERR_HEADERTRANS_FAIL
    • 37 : Tar Error TAR_ERR_HEADERPARSE_FAIL
    • 38 : Tar Error TAR_ERROR_HEAP

Test Suite

Known bugs

  • SPIFFS is deprecated, migrate to LittleFS!
  • tarGzExpander/tarExpander: symlinks or long filename/path not supported, path limit is 100 chars
  • tarGzExpander without intermediate file uses a lot of heap
  • tarGzExpander/gzExpander on ESP8266 : while the provided examples will work, the 32Kb dynamic allocation for gzip dictionary is unlikely to work in real world scenarios (e.g. with a webserver) and would probably require static allocation

Debugging:

  • ESP32: use all of the "Debug level" values from the boards menu
  • ESP8266: Warning/Error when "Debug Port:Serial" is used, and Debug/Verbose when "Debug Level:Core" is selected from the boards menu
  • RP2040: only "Debug port: Serial" and "Debug Level: Core" enable logging

Resources

image

Credits:

Contributors

Showing top 4 contributors by commit count.

View all contributors on GitHub โ†’

This article is auto-generated from tobozo/ESP32-targz via the GitHub API.Last fetched: 6/28/2026